The frequency that drifts during a satellite pass
A low orbit satellite moves at 7.6 km/s. On 145.800 MHz the received frequency drifts by ±3.4 kHz during the pass, by ±10.3 kHz on 437.800 MHz, at 157 Hz/s at the zenith. The geometry to scale, a simulated pass with its receiver, what FM tolerates and SSB or CW do not, tracking with Gpredict and the rigctld command, and the clock that sets the error.